What does the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) establish?

The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) establishes a comprehensive framework for immigration laws in the United States. This foundational statute governs the procedures and policies related to immigration, including the admission of foreign nationals, visas, and the adjustment of status for immigrants. It reflects the U.S. government's stance on immigration, determining who may enter and remain in the country, the rights of immigrants, and the responsibilities of the various agencies involved in the immigration process.

Option A is correct because it encapsulates the broad scope and significance of the INA, which serves as the cornerstone of U.S. immigration policy. The Act enables the regulation of various aspects of immigration law, making it essential for ensuring legal processes and standards are adhered to.

The other options, while related to aspects of immigration and border control, do not capture the primary role of the INA. Guidelines for border security operations focus more specifically on enforcement mechanisms rather than the overarching legal framework. Regulations for citizenship applications are specific components that fall under the broader scope of the INA but do not represent the entire Act's purpose. Protocols for inter-agency cooperation pertain to coordination among agencies involved in immigration enforcement and policy but do not define the INA’s overarching role in creating immigration law itself.